ez
f e z city
Fes or Fez is the second largest city of Morocco —after Casablanca, with a population of just over one million. It's the capital of the Fès-Boulemane region.
Fes, the former capital, is one of the country's four "imperial cities," the others being Rabat, Marrakech and Meknes. It comprises three distinct parts, Fes el Bali (the old, walled city), Fes-Jdid (new Fes, home of the Mellah) and the Ville Nouvelle (the French-created, newest section of Fes).
Fes el Bali is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Its medina, the larger of the two medinas of Fes, is believed to be the world's largest contiguous car-free urban area. The University of Al-Karaouine, founded in AD 859, is the oldest continuously functioning university in the world.
Further information
The city was founded on a bank of the Fez River by Idris I in 789, founder of the Idrisid dynasty, the works being continued on the opposite bank by his son Idris II (808).
Arab emigration to Fes, including 800 Al-Andalusian families expelled after a rebellion which took place in Córdoba in 817–818, and other 2,000 families banned from Kairouan (modern Tunisia) after another rebellion that took place in 824, gave the city a definite Arab character. 'Adwat Al-Andalus and 'Adwat al-Qarawiyyin, the two main quarters of Fes, were called respectively after the two waves of Arab immigrants to the new city.[3] During Yahya ibn Muhammad's rule the Kairouyine mosque, one of the oldest and largest in Africa, was built, together with the associated University of Al-Karaouine was founded (859).
After Ali ibn Umar (Ali II) came to power, the Berber tribes of Madyuna, Gayatha and Miknasa, which were Sufrite Kharijites, formed a common front against the Idrisid and, after defeating Ali's armies, occupied Fes. They were driven out of the city by Yahya ibn Al-Qassim, who declared himself Ali's successor.
The city was populated by Muslims from elsewhere in North Africa, the Middle East, Moriscos (especially after the Spanish conquest of Granada in 1492), as well as many Jews, who had their own quarter, or Mellah, in the city. The two halves of Fes were united in 1069, after the destruction of the wall dividing them. Although losing its capital status to Marrakech and Tlemcen under the Almoravids, Fes became the scientific and religious center, where both Muslims and Christians from Europe came to study. In 1250 it regained its capitals status under the Marinid dynasty.
In the Early Modern Age, the Ottoman Empire neared to Fes after the conquest of Oujda in the 16th century. In 1554 the Wattasid Dynasty took Fes with the support of the Turks, and the city became a vassal of the Ottomans, who finally conquered it in 1579 under sulat Murad III. The Ottoman power in the North Africa concentrated itself more on the threats posed by Habsburg Spain and the Portuguese Kingdom. As a result, Fes was not under pressure by the Ottoman rulers. The conquest of Fes was the catalyst for the move of the capital city of the Saadi Dynasty to Marrakech City. At the beginning of the 17th century the town returned under Morocco with Ahmad al Mansur.
fes elballi:
Fes el Bali is the oldest and walled part of Fes, Morocco. It was founded by the
Idrisid Idris II. The Bali term came in contrast with Fes Jdid (English Language:
New Fes) which was built by the Marinids in 1276.
Fes el Bali is the larger of the two medinas of Fes and is believed to be the
largest contiguous carfree urban area in the world by population. Fes el Bali was
classified as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1981.
medina quarter:
A medina quarter is a distinct city section found in many North African cities
The medina is typically walled, contains many narrow and maze-like streets, and
was built by Arabs as far back as the 9th century CE. The word "medina" (or
Médina) itself simply means "city" or "town" in modern day Arabic.
Medina quarters often contain historical fountains, palaces, and mosques. The
monuments are preserved for their cultural significance, and also increase tourism.
Because of the very narrow streets, medinas are free from car traffic, and in
some cases even motorcycle and bicycle traffic. The streets can be less than a
metre wide. This makes them unique among highly populated urban centres.
Some medinas were also used to confuse and slow down invaders because of
how narrow and winding they are
Bou Inania Madrasa :
The Madrasa Bou Inania (also Bu Inaniya) in Fes, Morocco, is a madrasa founded in AD 1351–6 by Abu Inan Faris who also founded the Madrasa Bou Inania in Meknes. It is widely acknowledged as a marvel of Marinid architecture. "Bou Inania" comes from the first part of the sultan's name "Abou Inan". The madrasa functioned as both an educational institute and as a congregational mosque at the same time. It is the only madrasa in Fes which has a minaret. Opposite the main doorway of the madrasa is the entrance to the dar al-wudu (ablutions house). Left and right of the central court are class rooms.
According to history religious leaders of the Karaouine Mosque advised Abu Inan Faris to build this Madrasa.It was the last madrasa to be build by the Marinids. The madrasa became one of the most important religious places of Fes and Morocco, gaining the status of Grand Mosque.
The madrasa has been renovated in 18th century. During the reign of Sultan Mulay Sliman entire sections were reconstructed. In the 20th century, major restoration work was carried out to the load-bearing structure, the plaster, wood and decoration.
The madrasa is one of the few religious places in Morocco that is accessible to non-Islamic tourists. Opposite the Madrasa Bou Inania is the Dar al-Magana a wall with a hydraulic clock which was built together with the madrasa.
University of Al-Karaouine:
The University of Al-Karaouine or Al-Qarawiyyin (other transliterations of the name include Qarawiyin, Kairouyine, Kairaouine, Qairawiyin, Qaraouyine, Quaraouiyine, Quarawin, and Qaraouiyn) is a university located in Fes, Morocco which was founded in 859[1] The madrasa has been (and still is) one of the leading spiritual and educational centers of the Muslim world.
The Al Karaouine madrasa played a leading role in the cultural and academic relations between the Islamic world and Europe in the middle ages. The cartographer Mohammed al-Idrisi (d. 1166), whose maps aided European exploration in the Renaissance is said to have lived in Fes for some time, suggesting that he may have worked or studied at Al Karaouine. The madrasa has produced numerous scholars who have strongly influenced the intellectual and academic history of the Muslim and Jewish worlds. Among these are Ibn Rushayd al-Sabti (d. 1321), Mohammed Ibn al-Hajj al-Abdari al-Fasi (d. 1336), Abu Imran al-Fasi (d. 1015), a leading theorist of the Maliki school of Islamic jurisprudence, Leo Africanus, a renowned traveler and writer, and Rabbi Moshe ben Maimon.
The Al Karaouine institution is considered by the Guinness book the oldest continuously operating academic degree-granting university in the world
the newest section of fez
.jpg)
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medina quarter:
A medina quarter is a distinct city section found in many North African cities
The medina is typically walled, contains many narrow and maze-like streets, and
was built by Arabs as far back as the 9th century CE. The word "medina" (or
Médina) itself simply means "city" or "town" in modern day Arabic.
Medina quarters often contain historical fountains, palaces, and mosques. The
monuments are preserved for their cultural significance, and also increase tourism.
Because of the very narrow streets, medinas are free from car traffic, and in
some cases even motorcycle and bicycle traffic. The streets can be less than a
metre wide. This makes them unique among highly populated urban centres.
Some medinas were also used to confuse and slow down invaders because of
how narrow and winding they are
Bou Inania Madrasa :
The Madrasa Bou Inania (also Bu Inaniya) in Fes, Morocco, is a madrasa founded in AD 1351–6 by Abu Inan Faris who also founded the Madrasa Bou Inania in Meknes. It is widely acknowledged as a marvel of Marinid architecture. "Bou Inania" comes from the first part of the sultan's name "Abou Inan". The madrasa functioned as both an educational institute and as a congregational mosque at the same time. It is the only madrasa in Fes which has a minaret. Opposite the main doorway of the madrasa is the entrance to the dar al-wudu (ablutions house). Left and right of the central court are class rooms.
According to history religious leaders of the Karaouine Mosque advised Abu Inan Faris to build this Madrasa.It was the last madrasa to be build by the Marinids. The madrasa became one of the most important religious places of Fes and Morocco, gaining the status of Grand Mosque.
The madrasa has been renovated in 18th century. During the reign of Sultan Mulay Sliman entire sections were reconstructed. In the 20th century, major restoration work was carried out to the load-bearing structure, the plaster, wood and decoration.
The madrasa is one of the few religious places in Morocco that is accessible to non-Islamic tourists. Opposite the Madrasa Bou Inania is the Dar al-Magana a wall with a hydraulic clock which was built together with the madrasa.
University of Al-Karaouine:
The University of Al-Karaouine or Al-Qarawiyyin (other transliterations of the name include Qarawiyin, Kairouyine, Kairaouine, Qairawiyin, Qaraouyine, Quaraouiyine, Quarawin, and Qaraouiyn) is a university located in Fes, Morocco which was founded in 859[1] The madrasa has been (and still is) one of the leading spiritual and educational centers of the Muslim world.
The Al Karaouine madrasa played a leading role in the cultural and academic relations between the Islamic world and Europe in the middle ages. The cartographer Mohammed al-Idrisi (d. 1166), whose maps aided European exploration in the Renaissance is said to have lived in Fes for some time, suggesting that he may have worked or studied at Al Karaouine. The madrasa has produced numerous scholars who have strongly influenced the intellectual and academic history of the Muslim and Jewish worlds. Among these are Ibn Rushayd al-Sabti (d. 1321), Mohammed Ibn al-Hajj al-Abdari al-Fasi (d. 1336), Abu Imran al-Fasi (d. 1015), a leading theorist of the Maliki school of Islamic jurisprudence, Leo Africanus, a renowned traveler and writer, and Rabbi Moshe ben Maimon.
The Al Karaouine institution is considered by the Guinness book the oldest continuously operating academic degree-granting university in the world
the newest section of fez
.jpg)
You might also like:
marrakech
disccover the world
beauty of morocco
LinkWithin
